steps of building construction

What are the steps of building construction

Construction of building is a complex work and many stakeholders are needed with special knowledge to complete a building project successfully. Following are the main steps of building construction.

1.Site Preparation

2.Excavation

3.Foundation

4.Framing

5.Masonry

6.Electrical and plumbing work

7.Roofing

8.Exterior finishing

9.Heating and cooling works

10.Interior finishing

11.Wood work and fixing fittings

12.Painting

1.Site Preparation / Site clearing

Site preparation is the clearing the site to ready for construction. and also site preparation clear the way to remedies or demolitions which required before workers start construction of building. Site clearing include removing rubbish, machinery, equipment and unwanted materials from the site. Some time getting approvals from relevant authorities is a part of site preparation.

The Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) is essential for ensuring materials are managed and disposed in efficiently and legally. Furthermore SWMP (Site Waste Management System) outlines reuse and recycling of possible materials. The disposal of hazardous substances like asbestos & contaminated water should be handled by only professional disposal experts.

Typically, site preparation is carried out under the main construction. Site preparation will be also part of a wider enabling parts contract including soil stabilization, demolition, construction of access roads and service diversion.

2.Excavation

After conducting site preparations , excavation should be carried out. Excavation refers to the removal of earth from cavities in ground. Some times excavation will be carried out for level the surface (cut and fill method).The equipment like shovels, picks, wheelbarrows are used in small scale projects and heavy plant machineries are used in large-scale construction projects.

Excavation works can be classified as the material being removed such as top soil, muck, earth and rock excavation. and also it can be classified as the purpose such as trench, road, basement or rock excavation.

3.Foundation

Foundation is the lower part of substructure of building. The load of building transfer to ground by foundation. Hence foundation is important part of building.

The foundation should be built according to the structural drawings. The details such as type , height , thickness, width of foundation will be shown in structural drawings. Concrete foundations are widely used for the building construction. Type of foundation is depend on mainly water table level and soil composition at location.

For determining bearing capacity of soil, several soil testing are conducted.

4.Framing 

Framing is the construction of other structural elements such as columns, beams or slabs. Mainly these a concrete elements. Reinforcement and form work also are main part at this stage. Sometimes steel and wood framing are used according to the type of building.

5.Masonry

After finishing framing work, masonry works can be carried out. According to the design, ash bricks, bricks or concrete blocks are used. The masonry materials will be bound with cement mortar mix.

6.Electrical and Plumbing works

This is the plumbing work for electrical installations. The conduit pipes or ducts are used to carry wires or other installation. This work should be done before finishing work, if not all the electrical works will appear. It is not suitable for good appearance.

7.Roofing

After the structural work has been done, roofing can be carried out. Roofing protects the interior elements from weather ,preventing damage and disruptions.

8.Exterior finishing

Exterior finishing involves plastering of external parts of the building. and also it involves external cladding to elevate the appearance of house.

9.Heating and cooling works

After completing roofing and exterior finishing, it is the time for addressing the heating and cooling needs of building. This process included the installation of vents, ducts, heating or cooling unites.

10.Interior finishing

This is the plastering interior walls with smooth finish, ceiling works and tilling for floors.

11.Wood work and fixture fitting

The construction is building is partially completed now, then the plumbing fittings in the kitchen and bathrooms. Cabinets, doors, windows all should be completed.

12.Painting

Painting gives a beautiful finish to the building protect it from exposure to rain , dirt , sunlight and stains.